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C#7#9 Piano Chord

    Piano Diagram of C#7#9 in Root Position

    C#7 sharp9 Chord - Root Position - Piano Diagram

    A C#7#9 chord is an altered dominant seventh chord that is built upon the key of C#. This chord consists of the root C#, the major third E#, the perfect fifth G#, the minor seventh B, and the sharp ninth Dx. The C#7#9 chord can be used as a substitute for dominant chords only in specific musical contexts. Keep reading to learn more about the music theory that underpins this chord.

     


    Structure of C#7#9

    Notes

    C#, E#, G#, B, Dx

    Intervals

    R, 3, 5, m7, #9

    How to play a C#7#9

    To play a C#7#9 chord, you can use the following voicing: start by playing the root note C# with your left hand. Then, with your right hand, play the notes E# (major 3rd), B (minor 7th), and Dx (sharp 9th).

    C# + E#, B, Dx

    This approach will result in a simplified C#7#9 chord that includes only the essential notes: the root note, major 3rd, minor 7th, and sharp 9th.

     

    C#7#9 Chord Inversions

     

    The C#7#9 chord has a total of 4 inversions:

    Root Position: C# E# G# B Dx
    1st Inversion: E# G# B C# Dx
    2nd Inversion: G# B C# Dx E#
    3rd Inversion: B C# Dx E# G#
    4th Inversion: Dx E# G# B C#

     Piano Keyboard Diagrams

    C#7#9 Chord - Root Position - Piano Diagram

    C#7#9 Chord – Root Position

    Chord Inversions on Piano

    Having a solid understanding of chord inversions is a crucial element of music theory since it sheds light on how chords are constructed. When it comes to playing chord inversions on a piano, it’s essential to keep in mind that the charts and graphs depicting the order of notes may not always be feasible or even playable.

    To achieve the proper chord voicings on a piano, you must spread the chord notes across various octaves and positions on the keyboard. This often entails deviating from the typical shape of the chord’s inversions shown in charts, which may not be the most practical or comfortable way to play the chord.

    While chord inversion charts can help understand the structure and sequence of notes in a chord, it’s always a good idea to experiment with different voicings and fingerings to find the most efficient and comfortable way to play the chord, while still preserving its intended harmonic function and sound.


    Music Theory and Harmony of C#7#9

     

    Dominant 7#9 chords are often referred to as the “Hendrix chord” due to their prominent use in songs like “Voodoo Child“, “Foxy Lady“, and “Purple Haze“. If you know these songs, then you can easily recall the distinct sound and mood of the 7#9 chord.

    The C#7#9 chord can replace or enhance the C#7 chord, typically on the V degree, but also on the III degree, and occasionally on other degrees as a secondary dominant chord. However, it has a distinct funky vibe, so it should be used carefully in the appropriate musical context.

    Before delving into the most frequent usage of this chord, let’s first understand how to construct it.

     

    Building the C#7#9 Chord: Different Approaches

     

    Starting from the C# Major Scale:

    To form a 7#9 chord, you combine the root, the major 3rd, the 5th, the minor 7th, and the sharp 9th from a major scale.

     

    C sharp Major Diatonic Scale up to 13th

    C# Major Scale

     

    C sharp Major Diatonic Scale up to 13th Keyless Notation

    C# Major Scale – Keyless Notation

     

    To create a C#7#9 chord, apply the formula R, 3, 5, m7, #9 in the following manner:

    1. Begin with the Root note, which is C#.
    2. Select the major 3rd interval, which is E#, and add it to the chord.
    3. Add the 5th interval, which is G#.
    4. Add the minor 7th interval, B.
    5. Finally, select the 9th, D#, and add a half tone to get the #9th, Dx.

    By following this simple formula, you can create a 7#9 chord from any major scale.

     


    by Combining Intervals:

    One method to create a 7#9 chord is by combining specific intervals – a major 3rd, a minor 3rd, and a perfect 4th.

    3 + m3 + m3 + 4 = 7#9 Chords

    For example, to build a C#7#9 chord:

    • we start with the root note C#.
    • We then add a major 3rd interval, which is four half-steps up from the root, to get E#.
    • Next, we add a minor 3rd interval, which is three half-steps up from E#, to get G#.
    • Then, we add another minor 3rd so we find the minor 7th B and
    • lastly, we add a perfect 4th interval, which is five half-steps up from B, to get E (Dx).

    Together, these intervals form the C#7#9 chord.

     


    How to Use C#7#9 in a Chord Progression

     

    The C#7#9 can work as a substitute or as a passing chord to a C#7 that can be found in major and natural minor scales. The 7#9 chord is considered a non-diatonic chord, which means that it contains notes that are not found in either the major or minor scales. Its unique sound is achieved by adding a sharp 9th interval (which is equivalent to a minor 3rd at the higher octave) to the dominant 7th chord, creating a dissonant yet interesting tonal color.

    Most common uses of C#7#9

     

    C#7#9 in F# Major and F# minor

    The C#7#9 chord is commonly used as a dominant chord. In the key of F# major, the C#7#9 chord can be used as the V7 chord, which leads back to the I chord (F# major).

    Major Scale I ii iii IV V vi vii
    F# F# Maj7 G# min7 A# min7 B Maj7 C#7 ⇒ C#7#9 D# min7 E#m7b5
    • Substitute or Passing Chord to the Dominant chord in F# Major

     

    C#7#9 as Substitute for C# min7

    The C#7 chord derived from the harmonic minor scale is commonly used to replace a C# min7 chord in the key of F# minor. In some cases, the C#7#9 chord can also be used instead of the C#7 chord, further enhancing the harmonic tension and leading to the F# min7 chord.

    Minor Scale i ii III iv v VI VII
    F# F# min7 G#m7b5 A Maj7 B min7 C# min7 ⇒ C#7 ⇒ C#7#9 D Maj7 E7
    • Substitute or Passing Chord to the Dominant chord in F# minor

     


    C#7#9 in a I – III7 Progression

    The C#7#9 chord is often used as a substitution for the III degree in an I – III7 chord progression, which traditionally features a C# minor chord. This chord progression, represented by the chords A Maj7 and C#7, can accommodate the C#7#9 chord in place of the expected C# minor chord.

    Major Scale I ii iii IV V vi vii
    A A Maj7 B min7 C# min7 ⇒ C#7 ⇒ C#7#9 D Maj7 E7 F# min7 G#m7b5
    • Substitute or Passing Chord to the Mediant chord in A Major

     


    C#7#9 in D# minor

    While the C#7#9 chord can be used in the key of D# minor, it may not be the most common use of this chord. In fact, the resolution to D# minor may be less strong than F# major or F# minor.

    Minor Scale i ii III iv v VI VII
    D# D# min7 E#m7b5 F# Maj7 G# min7 A# min7 B Maj7 C#7 ⇒ C#7#9
    • Substitute or Passing Chord to the Leading Tone chord in D# minor (less common)

     


    C#7#9 as Substitute for a Secondary Dominant 7th chord

    A secondary dominant is a type of chord that is not in the main key of a musical piece but is used to create a strong pull towards another chord that is. In Western music, the fifth scale degree has a strong “dominant” function and creates tension that resolves to the first scale degree chord (I). A secondary dominant chord is used to create this same dominant function but towards a different chord, leading to a temporary departure from the main key.

    For example, in the key of B major, the chord of F#7 is the V chord and leads back to the I chord of B Maj7. Adding another chord between B Maj7 and F#7 that creates a strong pull towards F#7 creates a secondary dominant chord. In this case, using a C#7 chord creates a pull towards F#7, as C#7 is the V chord in the key of F#.

    | B Maj7 | F#7 |

    | B Maj7 | C#7 | F#7 |

    Instead of using a regular C#7 chord, you can also use the C#7#9 chord in place of or together with it. This substitution or addition can add more tension and complexity to the progression, leading to a more interesting and dynamic result.

    | B Maj7 | F#7 |

    | B Maj7 | C#7/C#7#9 | F#7 |

     


    C#7#9 Chord Function in Major and Minor Keys

     

    C#7#9 as Dominant Chord in F# Major

    In the key of F# major, the C#7 chord would be the dominant chord. The C#7 chord can be coupled or substituted by a C#7#9, let’s see how:

    I ii iii IV V vi vii
    F# Maj7 G# min7 A# min7 B Maj7 C#7 D# min7 E#m7b5

     

    C#7#9 Chord Progressions as V degree

    Try playing these chord progressions to get an idea of how C#7#9 functions near the dominant chord. I like to use it followed by a C#7b9 but feel free to experiment.

    ii V I
    ii V I
    G# min7 C#7#9 | C#7b9

    C# (E#, B, Dx) | C# (E#, B, D)

    F# Maj7

     

    I IV vi V
    I IV vi V
    F# Maj7 B Maj7 D# min 7 C#7#9 | C#7b9

     

     I IV ii V iii vi ii V
    I IV ii V iii vi ii V
    F# Maj7 B Maj7 G# min7 C#7#9 | C#7b9 A# min7 D# min7 G# min7 C#7#9 | C#7b9

     


    C#7#9 as Dominant Chord in F# minor

    C#7 can be found also on the V degree of the F# melodic and harmonic minor scales. It’s very common to use this chord in combination with chords built on the natural minor scale, or to substitute it for the C# min7 chord that is present in the natural minor scale. In some context, we could use a C#7#9 instead of a C#7 in this position.

    i ii III iv v VI VII
    F# min7 G#m7b5 A Maj7 B min7 C# min7 ⇒ C#7 ⇒ C#7#9 D Maj7 E7

     

    C#7#9 as V degree on Minor Scale – Chord Progressions

    Try playing these chord progressions to get an idea of how C#7#9 functions as the subdominant (V degree) in the key of F# minor.

    ii V7 i
    ii V7 i
    G#m7b5 C#7#9 | C#7b9 F# min7

     

    i iv V7
    i iv V7
    F# min7 B min7 C#7#9 | C#7b9

     

    i iv VI V7
    i iv VI V7
    F# min7 B min7 D Maj7 C#7#9 | C#7b9

     

    Circle Progression
    i iv VII III VI ii V7 i
    F# min7 B min7 E7 A Maj7 D Maj7 G#m7b5 C#7#9 | C#7b9 F# min7

     


    C#7#9 as III7 Degree in A Major

    This is a very common substitution of dominant chords in place of minor chords. In the case of C#7, we are in A major since the minor chord we are going to substitute is on the iii degree of the scale:

    I ii iii IV V vi vii
    A Maj7 B min7 C# min7 D Maj7 E7 F# min7 G#m7b5

     

    C#7#9 as III7 degree – Chord Progressions

    Try playing these chord progressions to get an idea of how C#7#9 functions in this position. To understand why this substitution is possible, I suggest checking out some of the posts related to dominant 7th chords. There are different interpretations of this substitution, so it can be helpful to explore them to fully understand its potential use.

     

    I III7 vi
    I III7 vi
    A Maj7 C#7#9 | C#7b9 F# min7

     

    I III7 VI7 ii
    I III7 VI7 ii
    A Maj7 C#7#9 | C#7b9 F#7 B min7

     

    I III7 IV VI7 ii V iii/biiiø ii/V
    I III7 IV VI7 ii V iii/biiiø ii/V
    A Maj7 C#7#9 | C#7b9 D Maj7 F#7 B min7 E7 C# min7 | C dim B min7 | E7

     

    “All of me” Progression
    I III7 VI7 ii III7 vi II7 ii/V
    A Maj7 C#7#9 | C#7b9 F#7 B min7 C#7#9 | C#7b9 F# min7 B7 B min7 | E7

     


    C#7#9 as Leading Tone Chord in D# minor

    In the key of D# minor, the C#7 chord is built on the leading tone, which is the seventh note of the scale. This chord can be replaced or modulated by a C#7#9, although it may not be the most ideal position for this chord. Nonetheless, it can still be a valid option in certain musical contexts.

    i ii III iv v VI VII
    D# min7 E#m7b5 F# Maj7 G# min7 A# min7 B Maj7 C#7

     

    C#7#9 as VII degree – Chord Progressions

     

    i iv VII i
    i iv VII i
    D# min7 G# min7 C#7#9 | C#7b9 D# min7

     

    i iv VII III
    i iv VII III
    D# min7 G# min7 C#7#9 | C#7b9 F# Maj7

     

    Circle Progression
    i iv VII III VI ii V7 i
    D# min7 G# min7 C#7#9 | C#7b9 F# Maj7 B Maj7 E#m7b5 A#7 D# min7

     


    Alternative C#7#9 Nomenclature

    • C# 7+9
    • C# 7(#9)
    • Do# 7#9
    • C# 7#9th
    • C# dom7#9
    • C# Dominant 7th #9
    • C# Dominant Seventh Sharp Ninth

     


    Conclusion

    The chord progressions and examples presented in this post provide a comprehensive overview of the most common uses of the C#7#9 chord. It’s important to note, however, that many advanced harmony-related topics could not be included due to space constraints. These topics include chord progressions built on harmonic and melodic scales, modal scales, hidden tonality, secondary dominants and other chord substitutions, non-functional harmony and atonal music, modal interchange and borrowed chords, voice leading and counterpoint, chromatisms, jazz harmony…I mean, music theory is a huge topic!

    Although I couldn’t cover all of these topics in my post, I encourage readers to continue exploring these areas in their study and research. By expanding your knowledge in these advanced areas of music theory, you can gain a deeper understanding of the harmonic possibilities that exist beyond the basics presented here.

     

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