Eb dim7 Piano Chord

Piano Diagram of Eb dim7 in Root Position

Eb dim7 is a four-note chord that consists of a diminished triad (Eb-Gb-Bbb) with an added diminished 7th Dbb (C). In other words, it’s a stack of minor 3rd intervals on top of the Root note Eb. Keep reading to learn more about the music theory behind this chord.

 

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Eb dim7 Chord Inversions

 

The Eb dim7 chord has a total of 3 inversions:

 Piano Keyboard Diagrams

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Eb dim7 Inversions Equivalences

Each note that makes up an Eb dim7 chord can also be used as the root to create another diminished seventh chord. For example, if we start with an Eb diminished seventh chord (Eb, Gb, Bbb, Dbb), we can change the starting note to Gb, Bbb (A), or Dbb (C) to make a new diminished seventh chord with the same notes, just in a different order. Basically, all three inversions of an Eb dim7 chord can be seen as separate diminished seventh chords. So we have:

Eb dim7 = Gb dim7 = Bbb (A) dim7 = Dbb (C) dim7

The reason each note in an Eb dim7 chord can function as the root to create another diminished seventh chord is that the notes are all evenly spaced apart by intervals of a minor third. They have a symmetrical structure, meaning that each note is separated by the same distance of a minor 3rd interval. This means that when we start on any note in the chord and continue to stack minor thirds on top of it, we will always end up with the same four notes that make up a diminished seventh chord.

 

Eb dim7 Root position = Eb, Gb, Bbb (A), Dbb (C)

1st Inv. = Gb, A, C, Eb = Gb dim7

2nd Inv. = A, C, Eb, Gb = A dim7

3rd Inv. = C, Eb, Gb, A = C dim7

 

If you try to build the diminished 7th chord of all keys, you’ll find that there are only three distinct dim7 chords that occur repeatedly, but with a different root note, covering all the keys.

As you can see, each of the three distinct chords represents a unique combination of four notes, and those four notes can be rearranged into four different inversions of the chord. By using these three distinct chords and their inversions, all 12 keys can be covered.

The choice of C, D, and E dim7 is just arbitrary, you can try to build all dim7 chords from another series of unique dim7 chords.

 

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Music Theory and Harmony of Eb dim7

 

The first section explains how to build an Eb dim7 chord from the Eb major scale or by combining minor thirds. The following sections discuss the characteristics and harmonic functions of the diminished seventh chord.

In particular, it covers how diminished 7th chords can be used as substitutes, passing chords, or variations for diminished triads, half-diminished, and dominant chords and how they can create tension and anticipation before resolving to more stable chords.

But first, let’s see how to build an Eb dim7 chord.

 

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Building the Eb dim7 Chord: Different Approaches

 

Starting from the Eb Major Scale

To build a diminished 7th chord, you need the Root, the minor 3rd, the diminished 5th, and the diminished 7th note. Let’s see how to do it starting from a major scale:

 

 

 

1. Start from the root note, Eb.
2. Lower the major 3rd note by one half-step. In this case, the 3rd note on the Eb major scale is a G. To get a minor 3rd interval, you need to lower it down to a G-flat.
3. Lower the 5th note by one more half-step. Since the 5th note is a Bb, the diminished 5th is an A, which we call Bbb (“B-double flat”) to preserve the basic interval structure of the chord.
4. Lower the 7th note by two additional half-steps*: the 7th interval on the Eb major scale (D) is a major 7th interval. If you subtract a half step you get a minor 7th interval (Db). By lowering it down by another half step, you get the diminished 7th interval, C. In order to maintain the chord structure, we refer to the note as Dbb, even though it is enharmonically equivalent to C.
5. The resulting notes will form a diminished seventh chord with the formula R, m3, d5, and d7*.

*Note: In music theory, intervals like the minor 3rd and minor 7th are one half-step lower than their major counterparts. The diminished 5th interval is also one half-step lower than a perfect 5th, but for naming conventions it’s usually referred to as “diminished” instead of “minor” or “flat”. However, the diminished 7th interval is a little different. This is because the 7th interval can be major, minor, or diminished. To diminish a 7th interval, you need to subtract two half-steps from the major 7th interval, or one half-step from the minor 7th interval.

It’s easy to see that a diminished 7th interval is equivalent to a major 6th. Diminished 7th and major 6th intervals have the same pitch, even though they are named differently.

 

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by Combining 3rds

Alternatively, a diminished 7th chord can be constructed by stacking three minor 3rd intervals on top of each other (a minor 3rd + a minor 3rd + a minor 3rd).

m3 + m3 + m3 = diminished 7th Chords

Let’s see how to build Eb dim7:

Raise the root (Eb) by a minor 3rd interval. This gives you the 3rd note of the chord which is Gb. Add another minor 3rd and you get an A (Bbb). Finally, add again another minor 3rd and you’ve completed the chord with the diminished 7th C (Bbb).

 

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Characteristics of Diminished 7th Chords

Diminished 7th chords have a unique sound due to the combination of the first two minor 3rd intervals, creating a tritone interval. This interval spans six half-steps from the root note, and it has a dissonant sound that creates a feeling of instability or harshness.

Because of their dissonant sound, diminished 7th chords require resolution to a more consonant chord. They are commonly used in jazz and classical music genres to create tension and anticipation before resolving to a more stable chord.

 

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How to Use Eb dim7 in a Chord Progression

 

Diminished 7th chords are highly versatile and can effectively substitute diminished triads, half-diminished, and dominant chords. You can use them as intentional substitutes, passing chords, or variations.

 

Eb dim7 as a Substitute for dim and m7b5 Chords

Diminished triads are considered “diatonic chords” as they naturally occur in the harmonization of both the natural minor and major scales. In contrast, diminished 7th chords are non-diatonic chords on natural minor and major scales because these scales produce half-diminished chords, which come with a major 7th.

For this reason, you could think that adding a diminished 7th note to a diminished triad may change the effect of the chord, but this is not actually true for diminished 7th chords.

When we look at the inversion of a diminished chord, we can observe a gap between the third and fifth notes in the first inversion, as well as between the fifth and root notes in the second inversion.

 

The addition of the diminished 7th note fills in these gaps without fundamentally changing the general feel of the chord. However, it does add a new note that can provide a strong sense of tension or dissonance, making the chord sound more full and rich.

 

The key concept to highlight is that a diminished 7th chord can effectively substitute a diminished triad without significantly altering the chord’s overall impact, despite being a non-diatonic chord for the presence of the diminished 7th interval.

The ratios between the intervals in a diminished 7th chord remain constant, regardless of which note is chosen as the root. Therefore, we can substitute a diminished 7th chord for a diminished triad or for a half-diminished chord without altering its essential character.

The tables below show the Db natural minor scale and its corresponding relative major scale, both of which contain an Eb diminished chord. It’s important to note that when we harmonize diminished triads, they result in a half-diminished chord. Therefore, these tables are applicable to both diminished triads and half-diminished chords.

The Eb diminished chord appears on the second scale degree (II) in the Db natural minor scale and on the seventh scale degree (VII) in the Fb major scale, which is also a theoretical key.

We can use an Eb dim7 in all these positions or as the enharmonic equivalent of D# dim7 in C# minor and E Major:

 

on Natural minor Scale

• Supertonic chord in Db minor

Due to the complexity of Db minor with its 6 flats and one double flat, it is considered a theoretical key. Therefore, it is more practical to refer to its enharmonic equivalent, which is C# minor.

on Major Scale

• Leading tone chord in Fb Major scale

Even in the case of Fb Major, it is more convenient to refer to the key of E Major and utilize D# dim7 instead of Eb dim7.

 

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as a Substitute for Dominant 7th Chords

Diminished 7th chords can be used as substitutes for dominant 7th chords since they share some of the same notes.

For instance, let’s consider the Eb diminished 7th chord (Eb, Gb, Bbb, Dbb). By lowering certain notes, we can obtain the following chords:

• Lowering the root, Eb gives us a D7 chord (D, F#, A, C).
• Lowering the Gb note results in an F7 chord (F, A, C, Eb).
• Lowering the A note yields an Ab7 chord (Ab, C, Eb, Gb).
• Similarly, lowering the C note produces a B7 chord (B, D#, F#, A).

Given that Eb dim7 is enharmonically equivalent to Gb dim7, Bbb (A) dim7, and Dbb (C) dim7, it can serve as a substitute for any dominant 7th chord with a root a half-step below any of these notes.

Thus, Eb dim7 and its equivalent inversions can replace the following dominant 7th chords in a technique known as #Vdim7 substitution:

• D7 (root a half-step below Eb)
• F7 (root a half-step below Gb)
• Ab7 or G#7 (root a half-step below A)
• B7 (root a half-step below C)

As demonstrated in the table below, only three dim7th chords are needed to substitute for dominant 7th chords in all 12 keys:

 

 

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Eb dim7 as Supertonic Chord in Db Minor

Check D# dim7 in C# Minor

 

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Eb dim7 as Leading Tone Chord in Fb Major

D# dim7 in E Major

 

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Eb dim7 as Passing Chord

Here are some tables that demonstrate how Eb dim7 can be used as a passing chord in different keys. When we talk about a passing chord, we mean a chord that is temporarily inserted between two other chords to create a smooth and captivating harmonic progression.

 

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Eb dim7 as Passing Chord in Bb Major

I IV iii ii

 

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Eb dim7 as Passing Chord in Cb Major

D# dim7 in B Major

 

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Eb dim7 as Passing Chord in Eb Major

I ii V

 

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Eb dim7 as Passing Chord in G minor

i vi v iv

 

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Eb dim7 as Passing Chord in Ab minor

i v iv v

 

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Eb dim7 as Passing Chord in C minor

i III iv V

 

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Eb dim7 Chromatic Modulations

Eb “dim7 chromatic modulation” refers to a chord progression where a diminished 7th chord is used to create chromatic movement in the harmony. This modulation technique involves incorporating a diminished 7th chord while transitioning from one chord to another, usually by moving in half steps. In the case of Eb dim7, we can find both ascending and descending modulations like these:

In a chromatic modulation, a diminished 7th chord serves as a pivot chord that connects two different chords. This chromatic modulation (D, Eb, E or E, Eb, D) can also be applied in various keys where a D chord is followed by an E chord:

 

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Eb dim7 Chromatic Modulation in Ebb Major

Check D# dim7 Chromatic Modulation in D Major

 

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Eb dim7 Chromatic Modulation in Bbb

Check D# dim7 Chromatic Modulation in A

 

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Eb dim7 Chromatic Modulation in C Major

I iii ii V

 

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Eb dim7 Chromatic Modulation in Fb minor

Check D# dim7 Chromatic Modulation in E minor

 

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Eb dim7 Chromatic Modulation in Cb minor

Check D# dim7 Chromatic Modulation in B minor

 

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Eb dim7 Chromatic Modulation in Gb minor

Check D# dim7 Chromatic Modulation in F# minor

 

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Eb dim7 as a Substitute for Ebb7 in Abb

Check D# dim7 as a Substitute for D7 in G

 

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Eb dim7 as a Substitute for F7 in Bb

In the key of Bb major, an alternative option for replacing the F7 chord is to utilize the Eb dim7 chord as an inversion of the #V°⁷, which is Gb dim7 in this particular context.

II #V°⁷ I in Bb Major and Bb minor

 

IV #V°⁷ I in Bb Major and Bb minor

 

I #V°⁷ VI IV in Bb Major and Bb minor

 

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Eb dim7 as a Substitute for Ab7 in Db and G#7 in C#

In both Db major and Db minor, you can use an Eb dim7 chord instead of an Ab7 chord. This works because Eb dim7 shares common notes with Ab7 (Ab, C, Eb, Gb), specifically Eb, Gb, and C (C).

Here are some chord progressions in major and minor keys where you can replace an Ab7 chord with an Eb dim7 chord. The Eb dim7 chord acts as an inversion of the #V°⁷ chord A dim7.

 

II #V°⁷ I in Db and C# Major and C# minor

 

I IV #V°⁷ I in Db and C# Major and C# minor

 

I #V°⁷ VI IV in Db and C# Major and C# minor

 

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Eb dim7 as a Substitute for B7 in E

Eb dim7 can function as a substitute for B7 in both E major and E minor. This substitution is possible because Eb dim7 shares common tones with B7 (B, D#, F#, A), specifically Eb (D#), Gb (F#), and A.

The tables below showcase chord progressions in major and minor keys where you can replace a B7 chord with an Eb dim7 chord, which serves as an inversion of the #V°⁷ chord C dim7.

 

II #V°⁷ I in E Major and E minor

 

I IV #V°⁷ I in E Major and E minor

 

I #V°⁷ VI IV in E Major and E minor

 

Eb dim as a Substitution for a Secondary Dominant B7

In the key of A (major or minor), the Eb diminished 7th chord (Eb dim7) can serve as a substitution for the secondary dominant B7.

Secondary dominants are chords in traditional harmony that temporarily establish a new tonal center within a piece of music. They typically function as dominant chords of a key other than the tonic. In the key of A major, the secondary dominant B7 would normally resolve to E major. In this particular case, it resolves on an E7, which is the fifth degree of A, and then resolves further to the tonic.

The Eb dim7 chord creates tension and can resolve effectively to E7, similar to how the B7 chord would resolve.

bV°⁷ V I in A Major and A minor

 

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Alternative Names for Eb dim7

• Eb diminished 7th
• Ebdim7
• Eb°7

 

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Conclusion

The chord progressions and examples presented in this post provide a comprehensive overview of the most common uses of the Eb dim7 chord. It’s important to note, however, that many advanced harmony-related topics could not be included due to space constraints. These topics include chord progressions built on harmonic and melodic scales, modal scales, hidden tonality, secondary dominants and other chord substitutions, non-functional harmony and atonal music, modal interchange and borrowed chords, voice leading and counterpoint, chromatisms, jazz harmony…I mean, music theory is a huge topic!

Although I couldn’t cover all of these topics in my post, I encourage readers to continue exploring these areas in their own study and research. By expanding your knowledge in these advanced areas of music theory, you can gain a deeper understanding of the harmonic possibilities that exist beyond the basics presented here.